URSS - KIT NAZ-3

[CAMP]

 

Le "necessaire d'urgence portable numero 3 version terrestre" plus connu sous le code NAZ 3 (Nosimiy Avariyniy Zapas) equipe les pilotes et navigants militaires aisni que les cosmonautes sovietiques puis russes depuis les annees 70.
 
Il contient dans deux conteneurs triangulaires en aluminium de couleur orange dont la partie superieure en toile est fermee par une fermeture a glissiere 
 
* un pistolet automatique Makharov et des munitions (quantite inconnue) 
* 18 akhotniki spitchka (alumettes tout temps ressemblant etrangement aux allumettes tout temps de l'OTAN / BCB)
* un grattoir
* un necessaire de peche
* une lampe stromboscopique avec une batterie de rechange
* huit allume-feux (de nature inconnue, peut etre de l'alcool solidifie)
* un couteau pliant avec lame de 12 cm, tir bouchon..., aleine, tournevis
* une scie a main a douche tranchant 
* une antenne
* une paire de gants en laine
* une boussole
* un heliographe
* une trousse medicale modele 7 (M)   
* une petite lampe torche
* une radio (R-855-YM ou R-855-A1 ... c'est au choix)
* deux baterries modele ПРИБОЙ-2C
* une cagoule en laine
* un jeu de sous vetements thermiques
* une fusee de detresse a main ПСНД
* un petit necessaire de couture
* un sifflet
* une creme anti-moustique
* une scie-fil
* des rations alimentaires (2500 kilocalories) emballees sous vide
* une gourde en plastique pleine de 2.5 litres avec bec verseur et entonnoir
* une couverture de survie (depuis les annees 90)
* une machette


La machette en action lors d'un stage de survie en hiver

Pour les vols orbitaux, les equipages disposent en plus du Makarov de dotation d'une arme de chasse tres speciale visible ci dessous en photo a gauche du materiel de survie

 
On voit bien sur cette photo comment la machete sert de crosse pour le Makarov et a cote le fameux drilling sans crosse (idem / utilisation de la machete) qui est le fameux fusil a trois canons pouvant tirer des plombs, des balles (au moins un des canons est raye) et des fusees de signalisation.

Autre photo du drilling et de sa crosse

et la meme arme en action dans les mains d'Anousheh Ansari, une femme d'affaire americaine d'origine iranienne ayant recemment sejourne a bord du Soyuz.


et d' un instructeur dans le cadre d'un stage de survie d'hiver... fortement mediatise. 
 
 

[Petrus]

Super doc Camp! Respect!

Une p'tite question: Le drilling en photo, c'est le même principe que le Contender ou bien?

Petrus

[Marc]

Je m'interroge sur l'utilité de l'héliographe ?

[SurvivalFred]

Je m'interroge sur l'utilité de l'héliographe ?

Un Héliographe c'est juste un miroir de signalisation avec un système de visée (souvent un trou et/ou un petit système prismatique) ... ça peut être pas mal utile : se faire beau, s'extraire une dent à coups de patin à glace et accessoirement faire coucou aux avions qui passent   

@ +

Fred

[CAMP]

Super doc Camp! Respect!

Une p'tite question: Le drilling en photo, c'est le même principe que le Contender ou bien?

Petrus

Bonjour Petrus,

Je pense plutot qu'il s'agit plutot de la modification d'un express ou d'un juxstapose realisee a l'epoque sovietique par l'un des maitres armuriers de la societe FGUP "IZHEVSKY MEKHANICHESKY ZAVOD".

La longueur des canons du "fusil Soyuz" (on a distingue trois, deux superposes et un trosieme integre dans la longuesse) ne semble pas depasser les 35 centimetres ce qui doit avoir une certaine incidence sur le recul et la precision de cette arme, surtout pour le ou les canons lisses. Heureusement, l'etui de la machete faisant office de crosse semble etre dote d'une plaque anti-recule substancielle.
Les organes de visee fixes semblent assez basiques.

NB: La question des armes a bord des vols orbitaux et lunaires n' est jamais evoquee dans la litterature ou sur les sites officiels russes ou americains, ces etats refusant de reconnaitre la presence d'armement dans l'espace. Les photos ci dessus sont extraites de blogs de touristes de l'espace ayant paye en moyenne 25 millions de dollars pour participer a une mission Soyuz et qui ont echappe a la censure... 

Derniere minute... une photo de 3/4 face de l'arme.


... et une autre de 3/4 arriere

[Rod]

Heureusement, l'etui de la machete faisant office de crosse semble etre dote d'une plaque anti-recule substancielle.

Y a pas intérêt à l'oublier...

[Petrus]

Merci Camp pour ces précisions
Ce type d'arme doit avoir un intérêt dans un kit survie. Qui à déjà essayé?
Petit HS: Une crosse amovible sur une arme de poing, à part le C96...Y en a-t-il eu d'autres à la même époque?
Petrus

[CAMP]

Bonjour a tous;

Afin de conserver la cohesion du fils, j'ai deplace la reponse de Rammstein sur le fils "Armes de Survie" Pierre

[Petrus]

Merci les gars

@Patrick: c'est exactement à ça que je pensais.

Petrus.

[guillaume]

Quel sont les vêtement qu'il porte en "expé" comme ça? Car je trouve la protection contre le froid très minimaliste à l'égard des températures des contrées russes.

a+

[CAMP]

Salut Guillaume

Cette photo devrait apporter quelques elements de reponse a ta question...
 



Cette photo represente le premier modele de combinaison grand froid en duvet destinee aux cosmonautes... 


... et voici le modele actuel

[CAMP]

Une autre photo de la boussole du kit NAZ 3


Un gros plan du couteau de survie pliant a deux lames en dotation dans tous les kits sovietiques (NAZ 3, NAZ 7, NAZ 7M et NAZ 1).


et des allumettes tout temps connues sous le nom d'allumettes de chasseurs (Akhotniki Spitchka) contenues dans le kit, tres proches des allumettes OTAN commercialisees par BCB.

[CAMP]

[CAMP]

Le nécessaire de premiers soins des kits NAZ se présente soit dans une boite en aluminium soit dans une boite plastique type "Tuperwarsky" marquée d'une croix rouge...



qui contient au minimum les éléments suivants:




* Une bande de gaze (5 mètres par 7cm)
* Un tube de crème répulsive contre les insectes
* 3 pansements adhésifs (10x6cm)
* 6 cachets anti-sommeil (Perkafene, contient de la caféine)
* 2 syrettes de morphine en intramusculaire à 2% (1 ml)
* 10 comprimés de sulfadimezine (Méthazine, un antibiotique à large spectre)
* 10 comprimés de pyrcophenum (un compose contenant de la codéine, de l'amidopyrine et de phénacetine)
* 20 comprimés de Pantocide (Halazone sodique 0.0002%) pour la stérilisation de l'eau, la désinfection cutanée et des muqueuses.
* 2 ampoules de teinture d'iode à 5% de 1ml (povidone iodé en solution vraissemblablement) en verre avec du coton dans un boite de protection en caoutchouc.
* un strap
* une notice d'utilisation

Comme toujours, les russes utilisent des solutions rustiques, parfois désuètes voire iconoclastes mais toujours éfficaces.

[CAMP]

[CAMP]

Quelques photos de cosmonautes à l' entrainement.

Bel exemple de réflecteur en action. Les trois cosmonautes sont assis sur un tas de branches de sapins recouverte d'une toile de parachute pour les isoler du sol (convexion)

Exercice de brancardage dans la poudreuse pour ces trois japonais de l' Agence Spatiale

A noter sur cette photo comment le bas de la combinaison d' immersion est coupé afin de faire des mukluks qui sont portés par temps froid. 

[CAMP]

Voici quelques photos suplémentaires du Трехствольный охотничий пистолет ТП-82 ou pistolet de chasse drilling équipant les cosmonautes et certains équipages de l'arméee de l'air soviétique puis russes depuis 1986.

Le TP -82 - a deux canons lisses juxtaposés de calibre 12 70 choké (la nature du choke ne m'est pas connue) et un troisième canon rayé de calibre 5,45. Les canons mesurent 30 centimètres de long.

Il est possible de fixer à la poignée pistolet le fourreau de la machette de survie qui sert alors de crosse, utile pour le tir de munititions de chasse, les cartouches de signalisation en calibre 12 pouvant etre tirées en configuration pistolet sans difficulté.

L'arme peserait 2.4 kg sans sa crosse (4.0 kg avec sa crosse / machette)

L' arme aurait été utilisée avec succès dans des conditions climatiques extrèmes (grand froid, environnement désertique et forêts primaires de Sakhaline) sans incidents et aurait permis de prélever des animaux pesant jusqu'à 200 kg à des distances maximales de 200 mètres avec le canon rayé de 5.45.

… underwent comprehensive tests in different climatic zones of the countries, which confirmed its high reliability and effectiveness under the extreme conditions. In the process of tests were obtained different forms behave like a beast and birds. From the threaded stem successfully they fired back moose, Kabanov, mountain goats, Gasella subgutturosa, saigas, foxes on the distances to 200 m, with the weight behave like a beast to 200 kg. from the smooth it is trunk they acquired hares, foxes, geese, weft, partridges, turtle doves, pheasants, seagulls.

Cette arme hors du commun produite à très peu d'exemplaires par la firme TOZ aurait été remplacée en 2006 dans les paquetages NAZ par un pistolet automatique dont les détails restent encore à découvrir...

Pour les puristes et linguistes, je vous livre la version originale: 

ТП-82

Калибр гладких стволов: 12.5х70 мм (СП-Д, СП-С)
Калибр нарезного ствола: 5.45х40 мм (СП-П)
Длина: 360 мм
Длина стволов: 300 мм
Длина с прикладом-мечете: 670 мм
Высота: 150 мм
Высота с прикладом-мечете: 235 мм
Ширина: 42 мм
Масса без патронов: 1.6 кг
Масса с прикладом-мечете: 2.4 кг
Масса приклада-мечете: 0.8 кг
Эффективная дальность стрельбы СП-П: 200 метров
Эффективная дальность стрельбы СП-Д: 40 метров
Усилие на спуске: 1.5-3.5 кг
Пистолет ТП-82 предназначен для защиты от хищных зверей, добывания пищи охотой, подачи сигналов. Пистолет входит в состав комплекса "СОНАЗ" (Стрелковое Оружие Носимого Аварийного Запаса), которым вооружаются летчики-космонавты и пилоты летательных аппаратов на случай аварийной посадки в безлюдной местности. Комплекс был разработан в 1982 году под руководством главного конструктора Тульского Оружейного Завода Владимира Александровича Парамонова , на вооружение ВВС СССР принят в 1986 году. Первые им были вооружены космонавты Советско-французского экипажа  , совершившие полет в космос в 1986 году.


Пистолет ТП-82 неавтоматический, трехствольный. Два верхних горизонтальных гладких ствола 32-го охотничьего калибра, расположенный под ними нарезной ствол имеет калибр 5.45 мм. Для стрельбы применяются специально разработанные патроны СП-П (пулевой), СП-Д (дробь №3), СП-С (сигнальный). Подробней об этих патронах:

Охотничий патрон 5.45х40 мм СП-П имеет оболочечную экспансивную пулю повышенного убойного действия. Длинна патрона 55.8 мм, масса пули 3.6 грамм, масса патрона 10.7 грамм. Начальная скорость пули составляет 800 метров в секунду, эффективная дальность стрельбы 200 метров. В комплект СОНАЗа входит 11 патронов СП-П.
Охотничий патрон 12.5х70 мм СП-Д собран в гильзе патрона 32-го охотничьего калибра, по эффективности не уступает патрону 20-го (15.9 мм) охотничьего калибра. Снаряжается патрон СП-Д 20 граммами дроби №3 и эффективен на дальности 40 метров. Масса патрона 36 грамм. В комплект СОНАЗа входит 10 патронов СП-Д.
Сигнальный патрон 12.5х70 мм СП-С собран в гильзе патрона 32-го охотничьего калибра. После выстрела световая шашка красного цвета выбрасывается на высоту 100-165 метров и горит там 8-11 секунд. Днем горение сигнальной шашки видно в радиусе 7-9 километров, ночью в пределах прямой видимости. Масса патрона 28.5 грамм, шашки 12 грамм. В комплект СОНАЗа входит 5 патронов СП-С.

Для перезаряжания ТП-82 блок стволов откидывается вниз, как у охотничьих ружей. При этом экстрактор, расположенный между стволами, одновременно выдвигает все гильзы из стволов, облегчая перезарядку пистолета. Флажок механического предохранителя пистолета объединен с переводчиком курков. Разным положением переводчика курков и двух внешних курков достигается любая очередность стрельбы из стволов пистолета. Приставным прикладом при стрельбе служит мачете, входящее в состав комплекса СОНАЗа. Рукоятка мачете имеет пазы для присоединения к рукоятке пистолета. Фиксируется все защелкой, расположенной на рукоятке мачете. На лезвие мачете одевается брезентовый чехол и пластмассовый затыльник, который упирается в плечо стрелка. Прицел у ТП-82 не регулируемый. Цевье, рукоятки пистолета и мачете выполнены из пластмассы.

[/URL

TA-82

Caliber smooth trunks: 12.5 х70 mm (SP-D, SP-S)
Caliber rifled barrel: 5.45 х40 mm (SP-P)
Length: 360 mm
Length trunks: 300 mm
With prikladom-mechete Length: 670 mm
Height: 150 mm
With prikladom-mechete height: 235 mm
Width: 42 mm
Mass without bullets: 1.6 kg
Mass with prikladom-mechete: 2.4 kg
Mass priklada-mechete: 0.8 kg
Good shooting range SP-P: 200 meters
Good shooting range SP-D: 40 meters
The force downhill: 1.5-3.5 kg
Gun TP-82 is designed to protect against predatory animals, earning food hunting filing signals. Gun is a member of the set of "SONAZ" (Small Arms Nosimogo Salvage Stock), which arming pilots Pilot and aircraft emergency landing in uninhabited areas. The complex was developed in 1982 under the guidance of chief designer Tula Oruzheynogo Plant Vladimir Alexandrovich Paramonova, for a Soviet Air Force adopted in 1986. First they were armed with a crew of astronauts Sovetsko-frantsuzskogo committing flight into space in 1986,.

Gun TA-82 manual, trehstvolny. Two upper horizontal smooth tube 32 th-caliber hunting, located below rifled barrel is of a caliber 5.45 mm. To apply shooting specially designed cartridges SP-P (bullet), SP-D (shot № 3), SP-S (advance). For details about these cartridges:

Hunting patron 5.45 х40 mm SP-P obolochechnuyu expansive Pool has increased butcher action. Length patron of 55.8 mm bullets 3.6 gram weight, weight cartridge 10.7 grams. Initial velocity bullet is 800 meters per second, the effective range shooting 200 meters. The set includes 11 rounds SONAZa SP-P.
Snaryazhaetsya patron SP-D 20 grams fraction № 3 and is effective at ranges 40 meters. Mass patron of 36 grams. The set includes 10 rounds SONAZa SP-D.
After a shot of red-colored pieces of light emitted at a height of 100-165 meters and lit a 8-11 seconds. Day signals burning pieces can be seen in a radius of 7-9 km, at night in the direct view. Mass patron of 28.5 grams, Checkers 12 grams. The set includes 5 rounds SONAZa SP-S.

For perezaryazhaniya TA-82 block down the barrel tipped towards, as a hunting rifles. This extractor, located between barrel, while making all of the pieces of cartridge cases, facilitating reloading pistol. Checkmark mechanical fuse pistol merged with a translator Kurkov. Different situation Kurkov translator and two external Kurkov achieved any sequence of firing gun barrels. Pristavnym with a rifle shooting is a machete, a member of the compound SONAZa.

[/

The handle of the machete is the slot for accession to the handle of a pistol. Set all the latches located on the handle of the machete. At the machete blade worn plastic tarpaulin cover and zatylnik, which impinges on the shoulder arrow. Sight of the TP-82 is not regulated. Shank, pistols and machetes handles are made of plastic.

[CAMP]

25th January 2007 (Thursday) was the first day of our winter survival exercise. The objective of the winter survival training is this: during landing, there is no guarantee that the Soyuz landing capsule will land at the designated places. It can land anywhere, and that “anywhere” include in the freezing Siberian forest right smack during the winter season. Although mission control would know where the capsule has landed due to the GPS onboard, the crew still have to wait for the rescue team. The winter survival training is to prepare the cosmonauts to survive the wait for the rescue team, which is expected to take an average of two days.

We departed to the winter survival training site at about 8.45 am . It is located about 10 km from Star City. Before the winter survival training started, we were examined by a medical specialist and a psychologist. Both examinations took about 1 hour in the observation cottage.

The survival training started in the afternoon. Myself, Sheikh and Crew Commander Alexander will be doing this training together for 3 days and 2 nights in the cold Russian forest.

We started our survival training in a tilted Soyuz capsule placed near the forest. All three of us went into the capsule in our Sokol suits to simulate how it would be like in the capsule during actual landing. Before we go out to the minus -10 degree environment outside the capsule, all of us must first change into our thermal suits inside the cramped Descending Module. As I was the smallest among the three of us, the commander decided to get me changed first so that I could go out and gave both of them some space to change. Small people are space efficient, aren’t they? Yes, it helps being small in this situation. I could move more and breathe more easily.

Later, all of us went in the forest, bringing the emergency kit (NAZ) and pieces of parachute to build our shelter (teepee). It took us about 3-4 hours to build our teepee. The shelter was ready before dark but it was not ideal. The ventilation system of our teepee was not perfect and it was small. We have to settle with that teepee the first night because we didn’t have much time. The day was short. We had to find woods for the fire. Every hour one of us must call for help (mayday) and report the condition of all members using the radio system.

At first the commander did it and later he taught us to report in Russian, which was pretty easy actually, thanks to the 4 hours of Russian classes everyday. We kept the fire burning until the next morning. From 11pm to 8am, we took turns to guard the teepee while the other two rest. Each shift lasted for 3 hours. Smoke accumulated in the teepee because the ventilation system was not as good but it was still bearable.

The next morning after breakfast, we reconstructed our teepee. We have to bring down our previous teepee and adjusted the wall (made with parachute) to get a good ventilation system. Later we chopped more woods for the fire. The second day was even colder, -19 degrees. In the evening, we received instructions from the instructor to light the signal fire and flare for the rescue helicopter to detect our location. The signal was good but rescue could only come the next day. So, we had to survive another night in the woods. The second night was colder. The fact that we constructed our teepee for a larger and more comfortable place makes our camp fire burn faster. The commander and I had to chop extra woods in the dark or else the fire would not last the night.

The next morning we had a quick breakfast and packed the important things to bring with us. We had to walk to an open space for the rescue helicopter to safe us. During our journey, our commander broke his leg (only simulation) and we had to build a stretcher to carry him. It took us some time to build the stretcher but eventually we did it and we had to carry our commander for about 1km up hill and down hill before reaching to the safe site. The winter survival ended when we light our flare to mark our location for the rescue team.



Flashback - Preparation for winter survival
It has been about two months since we had our winter survival exercise. We wanted to write more about the training at the time but due to the really full workload we had since then, we never really had the time to re-visit the event. Now that we have slightly more free time, I guess it is not too late to look back and relate the training with more details.

Actually before the winter survival module started, we had to go through a series of pre-winter survival training first. The objective was to prepare us for the actual winter survival exercise. The first phase of the training consisted of a briefing on various aspects of the survival training. It was in fact just a class held in a warehouse-like building. The only difference is that there is a Soyuz model inside it, for the next phase of the training.

We were briefed on various things, including the different type of trees in the Russian forest and how to cut them. This may sound weird but if you have read the previous entry, you will find that we were required to do a lot of cutting during the actual winter training exercise. We were even taught how to use the machete safely. Being a Malaysian, using the machete, which is really similar to the Malaysian ‘parang’, was something we were quite familiar with, although the safety precautions were very practical, for example, the machete must be tied to your hands during cutting so that it won’t fly away and hit yourself or someone accidentally. This is something I’ve never seen in all my life watching people using the ‘parang’ in Malaysia, but it struck me as being very reasonable and practical.

After the briefing came the practical lessons. First we were trained to become familiar with the location of the winter suit and the portable emergency supply kit or NAZ kit, short for Nosimiy Avariyniy Zapaz. The NAZ kit includes all necessary survival gear like drinking water, rations and first aid kit.

Firstly, we had to don our SOKOL suit and climbed into the Soyuz capsule. This is to simulate the real condition we might experience later. We were then told where to locate the winter suit and the NAZ kit in the cramped space. As you all can imagine, everything that is not part of the capsule’s body or instrument are tightly packed and tucked away in the capsule. If you don’t familiarize yourself with the locations of things beforehand, looking for them in the best of times takes plenty of your precious time. Imagine doing them first time during the actual event, when every second may mean the difference between life and death! So we really took the training seriously.

http://www.angkasawan.com.my/mainatsb/atsb/gallery/gallery2.html cliquez sur le lien pour quelques photos...

[mazzeru]

Calibre Canons lisses: 12- 70 mm
Calibre du canon rayé: 5.45- 40 mm
Longueur: 360 mm  
longueur des canons: 300 mm  
Longueur avec fusil-machette: 670 mm  
Hauteur: 150 mm  
Hauteur avec fusil-machefte: 235 mm  
Largeur: 42 mm    
Poids fusil machette: 2.4 kg  
Poids de la machette: 0.8 kg  
distance effective de tir : 200 mètres  
distance effective de tir : 40 mètres  

Pistolet TP-82 est concu pour la protection, l'obtention de nourriture par chasse, la réalisation de signaux. Le pistolet entre la composition d'un kit évolué qui équipe les aviateur-cosmonautes et les pilotes d'avion en  cas d'accident ou de crash dans une situation désertique. Le kit a été développé dans 1982 années sous la direction du dessinateur principal de Tula Oruzheinogo qui a oeuvré dans l'usine de Vladimir Alexandrovicha Paramonova, et a armé l'Armée de l'air soviétique dans 1986 années ainsi que les cosmonautes Soviétiques.

Bon, je laisse aux autres la joie de traduire... mon systéme de traduction automatique ne va pas au dela de 1026 Caractéres :tongue:


Pierre, je me demande toujours comment tu peux faire tes requêtes en russe. Tu as un ordi configuré en caractéres qui vont bien?

[CAMP]

Whew, it’s over … two days of winter survival training in Russia! Whoa! The second night’s temperature was -27 degrees Celsius (yes, that’s below zero!). The approximate conversion is about -18 degrees Fahrenheit! The first night was a “balmy” -26 degrees C! The forecast was for temperatures in the -20’s C … guess they were right on (rats!). I realize that I am from Nebraska, but sheesh! Let’s acknowledge that for the last 21 or so years, I have been a resident of Houston! The only thing that goes below zero in Houston is our checking account!

[/

Image: Clayton Anderson tries to stay warm while at survival training in Russia. Credit: NASA

Last week we had two preparatory days of training. “We” would be me, Jeff Williams and Alexander “Sasha” Lazutkin, our Soyuz (and survival exercise) commander. On the first day eight hours were spent in the classroom learning about the Soyuz emergency kit (наз, pronounced “naz”), how to build shelters, our clothing and basic winter survival. Then we were taken to a garage-like building on the Star City training territory of GCTC. In that practice exercise, we simply donned our space suits (called Sokol suits) that we would wear upon leaving the Space Station in a Soyuz capsule bound for Earth. We climbed into an actual flown capsule and, upon “landing,” we changed into our winter survival gear (in the capsule … about the size of a compact car, front seat only!) and finally exited through the hatch (or the car’s moon roof) simulating what we would experience in the “field,” which we entered on Thursday about 1 p.m. We wouldn’t leave until Saturday noon.

The “field” was a heavily wooded resort area only about 8 miles from Star City. As we exited the capsule we stood in a clearing where about 4 feet of snow had been trampled down a bit by a previous training exercise. Immediately, the work began. Sasha, a Mir space station veteran began organizing our gear, while Jeff began to construct our shelter. I headed off to search for building materials and firewood … we were going to need tons of it! We constructed a “lean-to” type shelter, enclosed on the sides and “ceiling” with pine boughs and parachute cloth. Our floor of snow was covered with more boughs and more parachute cloth in an attempt to insulate our bodies from the cold of the ground. Let me tell you, we didn’t have enough insulation!

Next on the list was fire. We needed two, a signal fire and a fire to warm us in the shelter. The signal fire must burn fast, hot and bright so that rescue forces can see us, and it’s not lit until a search team is nearly overhead. The shelter fire was more like a traditional campfire whose purposes are warmth and heating water and food. I felt much better when we had the shelter fire going!

As night approached and the temperature continued its downward spiral, I “sat” the first watch from 10 p.m. to 1 a.m. While toasty warm by the fire, my biggest fear was that I would let it go out. Fortunately, my watch passed uneventfully and it was my turn to sleep. After about 30 minutes of feeling pretty warm my entire body then said “… it’s cold … !” and no more sleep was to be had. After tossing and turning and warming close to the fire all night, daylight finally arrived. It was at that time that I was able to eat for the first time since the previous day’s lunch. The food was very similar to Army C-rations (per Jeff; and he should know!) and consisted of freeze-dried “Tvorg (yogurt),” freeze-dried chocolate, a fig bar, cookies and two tea bags with sugar and lemon. I devoured every b!te and never thought this stuff could taste so good! Unfortunately, that was my entire day’s rations! Live and learn.

Day two was pretty much a re-run of day one. Gather firewood, enhance the shelter (we added two more walls and a door), stay warm and try to get some sleep. I thought I did pretty well with all except getting the sleep! As we awoke for our final morning, the training team arrived to survey our work and throw one small “trick” at us. We were instructed to gather our gear and prepare to march to the rescue helicopter, some 250 meters away (too many trees for it to land near our shelter). Little known to Sasha and Jeff however, was the fact that I was to fall and feign a broken leg only 30 meters into our trek. It was a performance worthy of an Oscar! The only bad part was lying in the snow for about 45 minutes while they splinted my leg, built a stretcher, covered me with their coats and dragged me to the “chopper.” That’s when the exercise ended … not a moment too soon!

Throughout my short career as an astronaut, I have been challenged physically, mentally and psychologically. Each time I had levels of anxiety that I knew I needed to overcome … exactly as I know I must on a long-duration spaceflight. And at the end of each “episode” I was able to look back with a pride that was sometimes immeasurable. I feel that pride now….

пака (“paka” meaning bye)! [/i]

[CAMP]

Radio Balise Moutique SOVIET COSMONAUT SURVIVAL RADIO-BEACON-BEEPER *KOMAR*  

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KOMAR" ou "mosquito" in Russian. This device helps the rescuers to find the cosmonauts after landing. Its name reminds the signal what this beacon-beeper sends out when turned on. The long orange pennon is also for that - this bright color is very well visible after the beacon coordinates will be determined by radio-radars.

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Such radio-beacons were used by the early Soviet spacecraft cosmonauts to help finding them if they land far from the estimated places.

 

[CAMP]

[CAMP]

Deux photos interessantes du PT 82 avec sa cartouchière et sa dotation de munitions

et une autre toujours du PT 82 mais sous un angle différent

et un petit zoom

 

[CAMP]

Une nouvelle photo illustrant certains éléments contenus dans le kit NAZ 3 dont la fameuse flasque de un litre réputée contenir de la vodka...

 

[balthazar]

Pour les crosses d'épaules adaptées sur des armes "courtes", le concept est ancien, ainsi que signalé plus haut. A priori (jamais testé perso), sur des armes PN, ce n'est pas la panacée, on s'en prend plein la g***e au tir. Après, différents modèles sont sortis depuis le C96...jusqu'à la famille glock, en passant par le PO8, le GP35, le colt .45... Je pense (cela n'engage que moi), que le tir à l'arme d'épaule, même à courte distance avec un canon court, est plus facilement précis et maîtrisable qu'un tir avec une arme de poing, d'autant plus en situation de survie (froid, stress, ect...), donc que cet accessoire peut avoir une utilité certaine, dans certains contextes...